Studying with Classical Music Will Increase Concentration...

Literature Review Topic: Studying with classical music will increase concentration ability, allowing for quicker problem solving. Name of article: â€Å"Does music help you study?† Author: Sheela Doraiswamy Website: â€Å"Mind the science gap† Date published: October 8 2012 1:Different background noise/music was used to test students recalling abilities. The test was carried out in a quiet room with first, no sound then a steady state speech (in this case three was repeated), changing state speech (numbers from 1-9 were repeated in a random order), then liked and disliked music. The study showed no significant difference between changing state speech, or liked (pop) and disliked (metal) music. All three were equally distracting. Steady state speech produced higher results because it is easier for the brain to tune out repetitive noises. Value: This study successfully shows that certain noises/music can be more distracting than others. The author refers to studies conducted by universities and uses information from professionals. Limitations: Even though classical music was not played during this study, it shows how other music can be a distraction to concentration. This study uses a variety of noises/music and can therefore not be considered biased. It is a reliable source because it was carried out at the University Of Wales in a controlled environment. Although it is does not exactly tie in with my hypothesis, it is still valid as itShow MoreRelatedMusic And Its Effect On Music1490 Words   |  6 PagesMusic Itself Does Not Distract You Music is prevalent, so that it is extremely easy to find a place or situation with music played on. Not only does people enjoy music when they dance or sing, throw parties, but also they enjoy music when they drive, study or work. In other words, people live with music and music is an everyday thing. They, contrarily, think that the pieces of music are distractors when they need to concentrate on their works. This is why, especially, most of parents and teachersRead MoreHow Has Classical Music Changed the World1724 Words   |  7 PagesHOW HAS CLASSICAL MUSIC CHANGED THE WORLD How has classical music changed the world we live in? The world we live in has changed but Classical music has remained the same. Classical music isn’t really prevalent in today’s society. Classical music doesn’t appeal to this generation. Classical music is more appreciated by older generations. Classical Music is not as popular today as it used to be. It has been around for hundreds of years and it is the oldest type of music out there. Classical musicRead MoreStress Relief for College Students1233 Words   |  5 Pagesjob success. There are ways that stress can be decreased or even eliminated. Three ways that stress can be reduced are one you can reduce it by meditating or doing yoga. The second way that stress can be reduced in listening to calming and relaxing music. The third way that stress can be reduced is maintaining a healthy diet and eating foods that reduce stress and exercising a few days a week. It is important for students to reduce their str ess levels because during a school year there are times whenRead MoreEffects of Music on the Mind1350 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Music on the Mind The study of how music affects the mind has been a subject of interest for many. The interconnection between music and the physical and mental health of human beings has been researched on since long. Research has concluded that music does have positive effects on our mind. It has the power of healing certain ailments. Indian classical music has been found to have the strongest healing powers. Music has a calming effect on the mind. It is known to speed the recoveryRead MoreListening to Music while Studying872 Words   |  4 Pageslistening to music while studying. Listening to musiccould be the golden solution for your child. Students definitely need to be granted the freedom to listen music during classes. Listening to music while studying helps to keep one’s mind relaxed. It also helps in finishing work faster and in memorization. For some people, music serves as a distraction, but this does not apply for everyone. It should also be recognized that music helps keep the brain relaxed, happy, and alert(â€Å"Listening to music whileRead MoreEffect of Different Music Genres on the Mind6676 Words   |  27 PagesIndividual Research Project FIRST-HAND INVESTIGATION BIOLOGY The Effect of Different Music Genres on the Human Mind: * Concentration * Spatial Reasoning * Short-Term Memory * Reaction Time Timothy Yee Joy TABLE OF CONTENTS Why I chose this topic ............................................................................3 Summary of Prior Research......................................................................4 Appendix of Research and Assessment of Reliability ........Read MoreThe Effects of Classical Music on Individual3091 Words   |  13 Pagespeople who have taught me a lot about classical music. Finally, I sincerely thank to my parents, family, and friends, who provide the advice and financial support. The product of this research paper would not be possible without all of them. ABSTRACT Music has immense influence on people. Almost in every culture they have their own traditional music and anthem. It is actually another way of expressing ideas and emotions. Classical music is the root of all music and still practiced by a number ofRead MoreClassical Music Influences Our Bodys Vital Movements1775 Words   |  8 PagesMusic of any genre or style that originates from a sincere and pure motivation, empowered not by the energies of one’s self, but rather by something greater, exists beyond time, culture, or history. ‘Classical’ music includes many principles that define the true meaning of the value of the classical sounds of music. Detail of the compositional structure and other technical aspects contribute to the most seemingly insignificant nuances. The structural integrity and balancing utilizing of tones createRead MoreKeep Music Education in Schools Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the declining economy, school boards around the country have decided to cut funding to the music education programs. It is necessary to keep music education in the American school system because it enhances the development of skills that children will use for the rest of their lives. Musical development can start as early as before birth. Hearing is the first sense that a baby acquires and it is acquired in utero (McCutcheon 1). The first sounds that a baby hears are the mother’s voice andRead More Musics Effect on Intelligence Essay1194 Words   |  5 PagesMusics Effect on Intelligence Music is said to affect the intellect of humans in several different ways. Specifically, it is said to affect infants more than any other age group. Music can improve learning skills, test taking skills, concentration, heartbeat, and relaxation. Music has been proven to offer several benefits for infants, young children, young adults, as well as for adults. With all of this in mind, how can one connect music with intellect? Many recent research studies focus

Essay on Intercultural Communication - 2168 Words

Today, we live in a culturally diverse society due to globalization. As our world grows, expands and become increasingly more interconnected, the need for effective interpersonal communication among differing cultures has become apparent. When people from different cultures interact with one another there is intercultural communication because different cultures create different interpretation and expectations about what is seen as competent behaviors that will enable the construction of shared meanings. There are numerous definitions of culture but I will use the definition of the interpretive approach and Clifford Geertz’s, which defines culture as a meaning system which members use to interpret the world around them. Culture†¦show more content†¦However, many of the group-based stereotypes are incorrect and generalizing and it promotes further misunderstandings and prejudice. Prejudice is having a false attitude toward an out-group in comparison to one’s in-group. Prejudiced individuals are prejudging without knowing any information about the â€Å"Others† (Rogers and Steinfatt). According to Allport, the process of categorization is the basis to develop prejudice and stereotypes. People think in categories and the mind forms groups and classes to guide our daily actions. Dahl also verifies that the predictions we make about â€Å"Others† is based on stereotypes and that this is necessary and it is a process that we cannot avoid. If categorization is a natural cognitive process and all categorization leads to generalization, then stereotype is also a natural cognitive process. Categories are necessary to give meaning to our reality and to create structure, however they are flexible and they change. On the other hand stereotypes seem to give us a feeling of order and security but they are inflexible and try to reinforce one particular image over others. Stereotypes still persist even when we know better because they help to create a positive self-image and they are to a large degree attached to ideologies (Christoffanini). Furthermore, we represent Oth ers by using language or images, which allow us to portray Others in waysShow MoreRelatedEssay on intercultural communication1346 Words   |  6 Pagesawareness of intercultural communication is also required.† Do you agree or disagree with his opinion? In a well-structured essay explain your ideas using clear examples to support your ideas. Distance and time are no longer the biggest obstacles to doing business, as result of human innovation and technological progress. And with the development of communications and wide-spread cooperation all over world, more and more companies are exploring the international market. (Johnson 2012) Intercultural communicationRead MoreEssay on Intercultural Communication2184 Words   |  9 Pageswe live in a culturally diverse society due to globalization. As our world grows, expands and become increasingly more interconnected, the need for effective interpersonal communication among differing cultures has become apparent. When people from different cultures interact with one another there is intercultural communication because different cultures create different interpretation and expectations about what is seen as competent behaviors that will enable the construction of shared meaningsRead MoreIntercultural Communication Quiz Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural Communicati on Quiz Underline the best answer to the following 32 multiple choice questions. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Cultural demographics in the United States have changed due largely to ___a__. a. a decrease in the European-American population b. government efforts to increase immigration from Central American countries c. reorganization of neighborhood boundary lines d. an increase in the Latino and Asian American populations 2. Communication is defined as ___c__. aRead MoreIntercultural Communication Essay979 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant part in my understanding of intercultural communication is migration; the movement from one part of the world to another. The three experiences that will be analysed included migrating from England to Australia in 2007, visiting the Pacific Islands in 2014, and speaking with a newly Spanish migrant in 2017. The reason these three experiences were chosen are because, due to the story format, they show the development of my understanding of intercultural communication. Organised into a story formatRead MoreIntercultural Communication Essay2705 Words   |  11 PagesIntercultural Communication in a Global Workplace Wilhemenia M Maxey Hana, A Joint Venture Between Health Snacks and Toka Foods March 09, 2013 Professor Marcus Payne Trinity International University The world consists of different countries. Every country has its own unique culture. People come from different countries have different belief and different customs. But with the globalization increasing, world is becoming smaller and smaller. Different people from different countriesRead MoreEssay about Intercultural Communication 1725 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowth in the population around the world are playing considerable role in creating new levels of intercultural communicate both locally and globally. People now can get the information from any spots on the planets easily through many televisions channels. Also, gaining huge amount of knowledge from every part around the world is provided by computer networks. Computer networks facilitate the communications as well. Beside create new opportunities, technological and demographic evolutions provide significantRead MoreEssay about Intercultural Communication1561 Words   |  7 Pages(1990), the definition of â€Å"intercultur al marriage† is explained as the marriage between partners from different racial, ethnic, national or religious backgrounds. Now intercultural marriage becomes a trend and receives a massive notice, which explains why it appears as frequent topic on several magazines, news, documentaries†¦ Many couples now are more interesting in this topic and also can have better advices in this field than they were 30 years ago, when intercultural marriage was such an unfamiliarRead MoreEssay about Intercultural Communication1427 Words   |  6 PagesIntercultural Communication Intercultural communication is commonly explained as an interaction between people of different cultures whether defined in terms of racial, ethnic or socioeconomic differences. Human communication consists of verbal and nonverbal messages (language and gestures) which are shaped by gender, social class or culture. Thus, what perimeters define the intercultural exchange and what primary messages do we need or try to convey? Our communication process or theRead MoreIntercultural Communication in Healthcare Essay883 Words   |  4 PagesIntercultural Communication in Healthcare Intercultural Communication in Healthcare In a culture as diverse as the United States it is of utmost importance that individuals in settings such as the health care field learn to communicate with people from different cultures. This type of setting offers many chances for misunderstanding, miscommunication, and mistrust. It is imperative for the health care field to have an effective strategy to minimize these negative consequences of poor interculturalRead More Problems In Intercultural Communication Essay1542 Words   |  7 PagesProblems In Intercultural Communication Humans have been communicating since four million years. On the other hand, the birth of culture is estimated to have taken place about 35,000 years ago. Today, both culture and communication have evolved considerably and have become interdependent of one another, to the point that communication is considered to be a product of culture. Thus, our own culture has a deep impact on our thoughts and behaviors. Since each culture has its distinct aspects,

Understanding Doctoral Research Process

Questions: Task 1- 1. How have Apple and Google used the five generic strategies over the past 10 years?2. Have their generic strategies stayed the same or have they changed over the past 10 years?3. How would you evaluate whether these strategic choices have been successful?Task 2- 1. What a) options and b) approaches have Apple and Google used to compete in international markets? Which is the more successful international competitor?2. Do either of these two companies have profit sanctuaries? If so, how are they being used?Task 3-1. How have Apple and Google diversified over the past 10 years? What are the criteria for deciding whether this is a good idea? Has this been a good idea?2. On a scale of 110, where 10 is highest and 1 is lowest, how well do you think the staff capabilities and organizational structure at Apple and Google support their respective strategies?Task 4- 1. Which is better at integrating ethics, CSR and environmental sustainability into their strategy: Apple or Google?2. In your research, have you found any evidence of Apple or Google using any of the five major process management tools for strategy execution? How would you assess the effectiveness of these tools?3. How well integrated are the leadership styles and corporate cultures at Apple and Google? Answers: Task 1 1. The five generic strategies used by Apple and Google over the past ten years are as follows:a. Competitive Advantage This is achieved by both the companies by lowering prices and increasing benefits and services. The consumers are offered better value by focusing on different factors like quality, price, style and convenience according to customer.b. Cost Leadership Strategy The costs of the company is minimized in order to minimize costs to the customer. The company tries to sell the goods at average industry price or below industry prices to gain market share.c. Differentiation Strategy The Company provided product or service with distinctive qualities based on customer. This required scientific research, creative product development team, strong marketing team which was successfully adopted by these two companies.d. Focus Strategy This idea is to serve a limited group of customers and concentrate on their requirement. It also involves focusing on cost leadership and differe ntiation.e. Integrated Cost Leadership Strategy This is adopted by the company which is ready to integrate different strategies. This strategy combines the benefits of more than one approach which proved to be a success for the company.2. Apple and Google both have changed their strategies to cater to the customers changing requirements. Apple had only few ideas 10 years ago, but with experiments it created the ecosystem for consumers. It laid foundation for combination of iTunes and iPod that created Apples digital music store.3. The strategic choice adopted by Apple which is Differentiation Strategy is successful because despite of various criticisms, many consumers spend extra money to enjoy the benefits of Apple Ecosystem. The company achieved this because of perceived quality in its product and power of Apples ecosystem. Similarly, Google used innovative ideas and methods for encouraging customers to switch to their products and with the successful launch of Nexus Tablet, Goog le had attracted more and more consumers. Task 2 1. The approach adopted by Apple to compete in International market is its innovation strategy to identify customers needs and address those needs to its products. It relied on directly observing customer rather than market research. The customers are watched, their problems are observed and product created accordingly. Further, Google adopted technology base which is much more than traditional technology. It traditionally defined innovation but with something best to make money. This is like a push kind of model where application for the technology is seen. 2. Apple has grown very fast and have used profit sanctuaries to a high level of standard, It has used the profit with new products in the business and revolutionaries of new products. (Svensson, 2013) Task 3 1. Google powered gadgets and laptops have proved to be fantastic for multitude of browser based applications and which are used by most of the people. The new Google products came into the market which can be plugged into HDMI input, TV, home stereo equipment to send audio or video content from computer or mobile to the big screen. Google also launched similar tools for Android devices to integrate with cars. Apple has also launched many modern devices like Apple TV which can be used for all video needs. It also launched Car Play which was used by all the automobile manufacturers. The i-phone becomes the brain of car system and projects messages, maps, music to the car display and sound system. Therefore Google is growing consistently and capturing more market share whereas Apple on the other hand remains dominant at the high end of the market. 2. The continuous innovation requires new kind of people management. The environment and management supported the new innovation in the organization. Google has extraordinary focus on increasing collaboration between employees from different functions which comes from three factors such as discovery, collaboration and fun. It designed the workplace accordingly and employees supported to maximize collaboration. The companies also increased discovery and learning methods so that employees become adaptable to changing needs. The organizational structure is connected with the strategy. Structure means all the people, positions, procedures and technology that comprises the organization and all the pieces must be integrated together. The structure must be changed according to the changes in strategy which is the only way to implement lasting improvements. To implement a strategic shift there must be complete change in the organization. Therefore, better leadership and engagement approach must be adopted by taking into consideration that firms can carry out its current strategies. Task 4 1. Apple and Google both are most recognized brands in the modern society. Google has been successful in building a perception of caring around the World. They treat their people well. And Google has been seen as a local company in many countries around the World. Google invested in technology based efforts to expand access to clean water, stop wildlife poaching, prevent human trafficking and reduce poverty. Apple is committed to ensure highest standards of social responsibility wherever its products are made. Apple started building the products that are suitable for recycling. It also created recycling program for old i-pods, mobile phones, and Macs. In todays environment, reputation is everything and its damage can cause serious failings for the company. Apple contributed to ethical principles like honesty, respect, confidentiality and compliance. It made specific policies for corporate governance, conflict of interest in its website. And Apple also refused to interact with those s uppliers who refuse to comply with Apples standards.2. The effectiveness of the five tools is based on the increase of revenues by marketing strategies and by adding social media as a major tool. It increases awareness and creates publicity; it also increases the fans of the face book and help in increase of the awareness through successful strategies. (Mochal, 2008)3. Leadership styles used by Apple and Google are called as transactional leadership that help the leaders to share their promises of rewards and advantages and it is based on the performance. Corporate culture of these organizations is dependent on the personalities of the management. References Griffin Dana, Four Generic Strategies That Strategic Business Units Use, 2015, as available on https://smallbusiness.chron.com/four-generic-strategies-strategic-business-units-use-496.html Klein Paul, 2011, Where is Apple Social Purpose, as available on https://www.forbes.com/sites/csr/2011/08/12/where-is-apples-social-purpose/ Mochal, Tom, 2008, Master these 10 processes to sharpen your project management skills: Project management. Nisen Max, 2012, How Apple and Google Take Different Approaches to Innovation, as available on https://www.businessinsider.com/how-apple-samsung-and-google-take-different-approaches-to-innovation-2012-11?IR=T Svensson, Peter, 2013, Apple Q1 2013: Apples profit rocket hits air pocket. The Hunffington post.

Safaricom Limited Operations Management

Firms operate under distinct and procedural aspects identifying their operations, efficacy, integrity, as well as the overall credibility in business operations. This paper has discussed the operation of Safaricom Limited. It defines its strategic management processes and the internal operations as retrieved from video and other reliable sources of this firm.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Safaricom Limited Operations Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Safaricom operates within the communication industry providing payable networks throughout the host country. Prior to comprehensive observation, various core operations of this firm have been identified as supplying, distributing, client management and business models. Safaricom handles customers through ensuring that its operation and business strategies run intact in a mutual mission targeting. The Company Safaricom website is accessible through www.saf aricom.co.ke where most organizational information is available (Safaricom 1997). It has been defined as a leading communication firm offering networks to people in Kenya. The organization has been leading such other firms as Airtel, Orang,e and Yu among other through gathering the largest number of customers in the country. It was operating on a profit of over $390 million during the 2014 financial year. The operations are the most competitive especially in respect to the development of a responsive support system taking care of the customers. The communication industry in which Safaricom limited is conducting its business has the four firms named previously as Orange Kenya, Airtel Kenya, Equitel and Yu. The advantage of Safaricom against these companies is customer loyalty directed and maintained through high rates of communication when contacting the clients of their competitors. In fact, Safaricom has sought to eliminate or own other upcoming direct competitors strategically. Fo r instance, it has bought the largest share of an upcoming competitor referred to as Yu Mobile. Key Elements of Business Strategy Safaricom has developed a strategic approach that attracts and retains clients. The company developed cards to subscribe networks which bound clients from changing their contact identity as the competitors demand. It has approached the communication services through delivering devices for messaging, internet connection and voice calls. In a bid to ensure that services are rendered properly through the channels set, Safaricom has a customer care system to sought issues and collect suggestion (Deliberate Loopholes 2011). The sales department for the networks uses cards with codes to top-up airtime of prepaid services. On the other hand, the sale of computers and mobile devices has been distributed through their shops and agents.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More Operations The firms conduct sales, product distribution, network setup, and monitoring system. As a firm, Safaricom is expected to proceed in the market for a long period. The needs for communication are continuous throughout human life implying that the business model is continuous. Product process matrix life cycle stages Process Flow Safaricom products are sold through a process whereby the major retailers continuously receive the products through the wholesalers also referred to as the distributors. Distributors buy the products from Safaricom sales department at lower prices in order to ensure that the selling takes place at the intended price. The sale of airtime begins when Safaricom Limited securely forms new codes for topping up which are then printed by the production section. The produced cards are released continuously in parts through flow in the product process matrix. Business Strategy versus Operation Strategy All the employees are set to serve the runn ing and ensure that the process runs continuously (Nzuve Kamau 2014). The business strategy ensures that all the products made or released by the company are marketed and distributed for sale. Essentially, profits are the key aspects and reasons of conducting the business. In this perception, the operations usually feed the business and vice versa in order to ensure all aspect grow mutually. Process Structure The information regarding Safaricom is rendered through advertisements on mass media, websites, messaging, and a support system to deal with customers. Essentially, they keep both the digital records and written documents. Their physical services are rendered throughout the nation on money transfer outlets called Mpesa and Safaricom shops (Bosire 2012).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Safaricom Limited Operations Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The process has such fundamental pros as the ease of accessibility. Ideally, Safaricom ought to get substantive competition than the prevailing one in order to facilitate innovations and better services to the clients. Intense Issues Safaricom Limited has not only forced customers to take its services, but also partially monopolized the services being offered. The company has invested and innovated ways to distract the initial systems of communication and money transfer services through preventing other companies from accessing their network. In fact, it has prevented the introduction of the thin SIM cards which would allow the cardholders to receive services from two of 3 distinct companies using a single phone. Moral Framework In order to curb the varying issues perceived from Safaricom limited, community involvement in decisions affecting them must be addressed. The controversy apparent in their arguments on the appropriateness of the specified prices and manipulation of prices should be done through prior public consultation. Choice for the Organization The realistic recommendation for the company. It should prepare strategies to access and receive recommendation and assessments from the customers at all times. This aspect can allow the company to collect important information. Four strong facts or data supporting arguments: The prominence of a marketing strategy and its business repercussions are inherent to each other. Safaricom will retain its loyal customers willingly or from pressure retrieved from the high cost off-net services from the main provider. The exploitation of customers due to the strength of a company in the market faces legal regulation as initiated by the Communication Authority of Kenya (Maina 2010). Safaricom will not loosen the hardness of penetrating the communication industry. Marketing of product to attain some business advantages requires critical evaluation and care since it determines the number of customers loyal and willing to product the brand goods or services (Sla ck et al. 2012). Researchers and protagonist have paid attention to this aspect in an ideally proficient and reliable. Even though this aspect has developed concise directions for marketers, they manipulate how the market is formed and developed through asserting certain ethical considerations. References Bosire, J 2012, M-PESA: Why Kenya, Simon Fraser U, Burnaby, B.C. Deliberate Loopholes: Transparency Lessons from the Privatisation of Telkom and Safaricom 2011, AfriCOG, Nairobi, Kenya. Maina, J 2010, Analytical Research for Safaricom Limited Company: A Customer Satisfaction Survey, International Business, vol. 5 no. 1, pp. 1-45.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nzuve, S and Rebecca K 2014, Perceived Relationship between Motivation and Job Satisfaction Among Call Centre Agents at Safaricom Limited, SSRN Journal SSRN Electronic Journal, pp. 1-18. Safaricom 1997, https://www.safaricom.co.ke/. Slack, N, Brandon-Jones, A, Johnston, R Betts, A 2012, Operations and Process Management with eText: Principles and Practice for Strategic Impact, Financial Times Prentice Hall, New York. This essay on Safaricom Limited Operations Management was written and submitted by user Lauren O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Glossary of Common Mitosis Terms

Glossary of Common Mitosis Terms Mitosis Glossary Mitosis is a form of cell division that enables organisms to grow and reproduce. The mitosis stage of the cell cycle involves the separation of nuclear chromosomes, followed by cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm forming two distinct cells). At the end of mitosis, two distinct daughter cells are produced. Each cell contains identical genetic material. This Mitosis Glossary is a good resource for finding succinct, practical, and meaningful definitions for common mitosis terms. Mitosis Glossary - Index Anaphase - stage in mitosis where chromosomes begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell. Allele - an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Asters - radial microtubule arrays found in animal cells that help to manipulate chromosomes during cell division. Cell Cycle - the life cycle of a dividing cell. It includes Interphase and the M phase or Mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). Centrioles - cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules arranged in a 9 3 pattern. Centromere - a region on a chromosome that joins two sister chromatids. Chromatid - one of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome. Chromatin - mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. Chromosome - a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information (DNA) and is formed from condensed chromatin. Cytokinesis - d ivision of the cytoplasm that produces distinct daughter cells. Cytoskeleton - a network of fibers throughout the cells cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape and gives support to the cell. Daughter Cell - a cell resulting from the replication and division of a single parent cell. Daughter Chromosome - a chromosome that results from the separation of sister chromatids during cell division. Diploid Cell - a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. One set of chromosomes is donated from each parent. Genes - segments of DNA located on chromosomes that exist in alternative forms called alleles. Haploid Cell - a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes. Kinetochore - a specialized region on the centromere of chromosome where spindle polar fibers attach to the chromosome. Kinetochore Fibers - microtubules that connect kinetochores to spindle polar fibers. Interphase - stage in the cell cycle where a cell doubles in size and synthesizes DNA in preparation for cell division. Metaphase - stage in mitosis where chromosomes align alo ng the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Microtubules - fibrous, hollow rods, that function primarily to help support and shape the cell. Mitosis - a phase of the cell cycle that involves the separation of nuclear chromosomes followed by cytokinesis. Nucleus - a membrane-bound structure that contains the cells hereditary information and controls the cells growth and reproduction. Polar Fibers - spindle fibers that extend from the two poles of a dividing cell. Prophase - stage in mitosis where chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes. Sister Chromatids - two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere. Spindle Fibers - aggregates of microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division. Telophase - stage in mitosis where the nucleus of one cell is divided equally into two nuclei. More Biology Terms For information on additional biology related terms, see the Genetics Glossary and Difficult Biology Words.

Effects of increasing of immigration in US over the next 10 essays

Effects of increasing of immigration in US over the next 10 essays Effects of increasing of immigration in US over the next 10 years It is estimated that the United States will double its population in the next sixty years due in large part to increasing immigration (USCB). The doubling caused almost entirely by immigration is not a new occurrence as more than ninety percent of the population growth of the United States since 1970 has come from recent immigrants and their children born here (USCB). It is the intension of this essay to examine the causes and effects of this increasing of immigration in United States over the next ten years. The increased rate of immigration that this country has experienced and will continue to experience over the next ten years has occurred in the middle of a world wide population explosion. It took until the 1800 for the world to reach one billion inhabitants (USCB).The pace of growth then quickened, and the world added two billion people over the next one hundred and sixty years (USCB). However, it took only forty additional years for Earth to again double its population from three billion in 1960 to six billion by the year 2000 (USCB). This rapid rate of growth has created tremendous external pressure on the United States from people mainly in the Third World desperate to better their lives by moving to a more advanced country. Economists who study the economic effects of immigration take two different approaches. One school of thought views immigrants primarily as additional new workers in the labor force, and extra purchasers in the national market (NCPA). From this economic perspective, immigration can be valuable, if the labor it provides lessens an economic shortage and leads to faster economic growth by increasing the size of the market or available pool of talent, and thus results in a boost in productivity and investment (NCPA). The other economic approach concentrates on the economic behavior of those who enter this country (NCPA). This econom...

The Mental Status Examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Mental Status Examination - Essay Example He was finally taken to the rehabilitation centre after along struggle. Joni finished high school and was enrolled in a middle college. However, he dropped from the college after two semesters due to drug influence. In the college, he had other friends whom they were taking drugs together. Because of this, they were suspended and warned of arrest incase they proceeded with the act. However, he stated that the administration was just suspecting and he had to move away fast before any action. However, he seems to be above average because he reports that he had passed well in high school. The language proficiency and fluency were evidenced since he could coordinate well with little difficulty. Therefore, he can be considered as brilliant. Joni initially started using the drug while at the age of eighteen. Before, he started drinking alcohol every weekend. Gradually, his interest shifted to smoking cigarettes until he graduated to cocaine use while in the college. This practice proceeded and the frequency increased daily. He did not realize that he had become addicted until one day when he missed taking the substance he became very sick and started trembling. On taking the drug, he felt good and was then motivated more to continue with the drug usage. At the age of twenty two years, the body’s demand went higher and he introduced the injection. He stared doing the injection once a day, but later in a few months the rate of usage increased to about three to four times a day. Joni is still struggling to abandon the drug use because he has started feeling the consequences and challenges. The challenges he faces are mental in nature. Since I can understand his responses, he now has some small mental challenge cases that needed to be addressed. Joni appeared to be older than his age and was looking frustrated.

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security within Businesses Essay

The Importance of Loss Prevention, and Security within Businesses - Essay Example From my earliest involvement in loss prevention and security it held a special interest for me. In part this was due to how closely it aligned with the values that I had grown up with, and in part I was fascinated by the level of detail and observation that was required. Theft is an important issue in any industry or setting, such as within hospitals, bars, schools, retail or manufacturing. As a consequence of this the field of loss prevention has developed and has become important in almost every setting. Since beginning my job at Best Buy I have learned a lot about the role that loss prevention plays in retail, as well as methods of being effective in my role. I am currently the manager of the Security and Loss Prevention department at Best Buy. This role has provided me with many opportunities and challenges and it has allowed me to understand the challenges that are associated with security as well as its importance. I have also had the opportunity to do a summer internship at a County Prosecutors Office and to work part time for them following the internship. This gave me the chance to see the police in action and to understand some of the process that occurs. This essay will examine some of the concepts that I have learned in my role Loss is an important aspect of any business. The term refers to the loss of profits due to a wide range of situations such as credit fraud, shoplifting, internal theft, or package theft where some or all of the contents of a package are stolen but not the package itself. Package theft can refer to stealing the contents of the package within the store, or more organized, broader applications such as stealing small packages from shipping containers. Because of this, within any retail store security is extremely important as a method to minimize loss through this means. Different businesses use different methods and strategies of approaching this, and there is no single, universal method of maintaining security. This is because security can be broken in a number of ways, most notably through credit fraud, corporate corruption, and through theft. Theft can occur in a number of different ways and can be the consequence of actions of either staff or customers. As such it is important to have adequate measures of security in place and to ensure that these remain working at their full functionality. Two important parts of loss prevention are avoiding loss that occurs from customers through theft and decietful behavior as well as internal loss from staff and those that have access to business information. Both forms of loss are important, and as a consequence security is important for the functioning of any business. This essay will examine the use of physical security, security actions plans and internal investigations as means of detecting and regulating theft and fraud. Specific examples of types of theft will be examined, as well as a case example of how security is managed in a large business firm. Losses i n retail contribute to significant decreases in the profit a store is able to make. Theft plays a significant role in this, with $107.3 billion lost globally in 2010 as a result of theft . The National Retail Security Survey in 2009 reported that an average of 1.44% of all sales nationwide are lost as a consequence of shrinkage . The term shrinkage refers to the amount of products that are lost between the point of purchase or manufacture, and the point of sale. This loss occurs in a number of ways such as through damaged products and misplaced items. Store managers and those in authority look at many ways of reducing shrinkage of all forms. In 2008, around 35% of this shrinkage was attributed to shoplifting, while 44% was attributed to theft by employees .

Impact of Information Technology in Organizations Essay Example for Free

Impact of Information Technology in Organizations Essay What Is Information Technology (IT)?Information technology is one of the very advancing and in-demand technologies of this era. Ever since this technology has emerged, it has heavily dominated many organizations and firms providing them with efficient way of work. Before indulging into the depth of this technology with respect to organizations, it is first important to get a brief idea about what information technology really is. Information technology basically involves all the things that are related to the technology and science of computer and telecommunication systems. Information Technology is concerned with developing technology into something more fruitful. Information technology is inclusive of both rational and technological elements. On the other side, technological elements comprise of terms and conditions of information technology that are needed for logical structure of a system (Kalam 1, 2000). In other words, it can be said that information technology includes both computer hardware and software like voice, telecommunication stuff, multimedia and so forth. Therefore, information technology is helpful for inserting, extracting or processing information (Kalam 1, 2000). It must be clear to all that information technology is not just limited to computer oriented areas, but also helpful in departments of telecommunication, micro graphics, various firms and other support services. Internet technology is also termed as the information revolution at many instances and as Information and Communications Technology at other instances. Information technology makes life easier for everyday places especially large organizations and places like libraries and is very helpful in managing all types of information in form of databases. Since information technology relies heavily on computers, many firms and educational institutes call their computer departments as IT departments. Such department is also called Information Services (IS) or Management Information Services (MIS) in several organizations (Jidaw, 2008). Most of the advanced Information Technology Department involves the usage of computers, servers, database management systems, and cryptography. The people needed in such departments are System Administrators, Database Administrators, and Technology Manager and these people are supposed to send all reports to Chief Information Officer (CIO). Since many companies are  really concerned about the security and privacy of the information within them, the scope of job inside Information Technology organization is very high and the data security and server experts get highly paid for their jobs (Schneider, 2008). Impact of Information Technology in the SocietyWith respect to ongoing theories and justifications about the modern changes in the world, it has been justified that this era of humans is in the middle of a third big revolution. Early revolution included innovations and strides in agriculture, mechanization, and industrialization. The third one and the recent one is the Information Revolution. The development in the technology of information and communication has been taking place for nearly hundred years and the growth is still at its pace. It is amazing how easily one piece of information can be transferred from one corner of the world to another in just a blink of an eye. People can exchange all kinds of information to people all over the world or just to a specific group of people. In this ever changing and modernized society, information technology plays a significant part in many aspects. This approach has proposed fresh business offers and advancements in many organizations. Information technology supplies the organizations with firm communication deals that are helpful for the firms to develop the business at a worldwide level very easily. In order to organize a long chain of distributors, dealers, and purchasers, all the organizations have set up global information systems. These global information systems help in keeping a track of placed orders, delivered products, and payments made all over the world. All the credit goes to the advancement in internet technology which has made all these things possible and made them easy to handle. The setup of basic information is made in such a way that at the lowest stage, there are servers comprising of one operating system. Software like database and web serving are usually installed on these servers, making them interconnected with each other and to the users through the help of a network infrastructure. The users who have access to these servers are facilitated with their personal hardware, operating systems, and software tools (Alexandrou). Basic Elements of Information TechnologyBefore jumping in the depth of the  impact of information technology in organizations, it will be handy to learn about the basic elements of information technology so that it will make it easy to comprehend this technology. As it was already mentioned that information technology can be described as such kind of technology which is needed to develop information into something more fruitful. Specifically it can be deduced that employing computer and its software to convert, save, progress, send, and extract information is what information technology is all about. The following technologies are the important technologies generated from information technology:1- Computer Hardware Technologies:Such technologies comprise of personal computers, powerful servers that are maintained by devices that sends, retrieves, and saves information. 2- Telecommunication and Network Technologies:Technologies linked with networking and telecommunication enhance the level of communication between organizations as they comprise of telecommunications media and related software that is both wired and wireless and are helpful for Internet and other networks. 3- Computer Software Technologies:Such technologies comprise of all kinds of software and web browsers useful in educational institutes and business organizations. 4- Data Resource Management Technologies:Such kind of technologies involve all the things needed to maintain a database for a company or institute (Kawatra 25, 2000). Impact of Information Technology on Various InstitutionsWhen the term institution comes, it does not point out to one specific workplace or anything of that sort, instead all the organizations, companies, firms, and schools can be categorized under the word institution. Organizations are divided according to their role and management policies. This portion will now briefly talk about how information technology has affected these institutions in helping them gain success. 1- Governments:Government itself comprises of various branches and  institutions, and each of the institution of government has a particular area to deal with. With the advancements in information technology, all the government institutes have also developed a lot to and have provided the citizens with better services. Not just this, but also, this advancement has heavily improved the security abilities of government by helping them design better and improved weapons and tools for the war and for military and army people (Kawatra 27, 2000). B2 Bomber is one such example of a plane which came into being solely due to the advancement in information technology and modern computer methods. Along with this, government can also keep sensitive information about anything in a safe environment, without the fear of it getting extracted by unauthorized people. 2- Commercial Businesses:Commercial businesses play a vital role in todays time and therefore, without any doubt, it can be said that the innovations and strides made have affected such businesses too. The extremely vital part played by information technology in such businesses is to supply benefits to the world of commercials. These benefits are achieved by the commercial businesses by the help of the newly progressed software like application software and operating systems (Kumar 104, 2000). Since television is the most entertaining and quick form of showing things all over the world at the same time, commercial businesses have taken the full advantage from this. 3- News Media Organizations:All the work done by news media organizations is relied totally on computers and therefore this shows how information technology has put an impact on them. Every task performed by information technology is also needed by news and media organizations, like saving information, sending it out to people, creating information and so forth (Ritendra 42, 2005). Hence, it can be seen how important the information technology is for such organizations. 4- Educational Organizations:Along with providing benefits and advantages to business-oriented organizations, information technology has even influenced the educational organizations. The advancements in information technology has made it very easy for the students as well as the faculty members to pretty much search anything on the Internet, exchange any personal  information via emails and share any knowledgeable things on forums and groups (Meadowcroft, 2000). Impact of Information Technology on Undergraduate EducationEvery industrialized nation has government bodies which try to integrate and coordinate the level of technological progress which aids in the foundation and establishment of educational institutes. Along with having a qualified faculty, it is significant to have information technology as part of the undergraduate education systems. Having information or computer department does not mean that it should only be available to the people of that area; instead students should be involved too by doing presentations, and working on other such things. Faculty members and undergraduate students can use computer facilities to take the full advantage of this technology on their finger tips. This technology has increased the ease of gaining information and decreased the hassle of worrying about the time it would have taken to seek information otherwise (Williams). The following impacts have been put by those tools:1) These tools help students in copying, presenting, researching and understanding the real-life oriented scientific complications which helps in building the examining capability in students. 2) Information technology helps in building the teamwork and learning capabilities among the students and helps them to solve matters and problems by searching and discussing with each other. 3) As information technology is advancing day by day, this is also bringing rapid changes in the formation and distribution of educational tools. 4) The proper and frequent use of information technology can help in providing an efficient educational system. 5) Information technology also helps the students of one part of the world to interact with the students in other parts of the world (Williams, 1996). Impact of Information Systems Technology on OrganizationsIt will be doubtless to say that nowadays, majority of the organizations, whether  private or government, rely a lot on information systems. Thus, it can be said that information technology has become truly mixed with all sorts of businesses. Organizations, like telecommunications or finance, involve efficient usage of information technology in order for them to exist successfully. Ever since the concept of e-commerce has started, this technology plays a vital and significant role in carrying out any business. Organizations are not only employing information technology to improve old ways of business deals, but are also employing it to discover fresh and innovative chances in order to gain success. Though employing old methods and approaches will not do any harm, but they will not lead to a lot of success in the future and will just maintain a stable outcome for the organizations. For instance, there are several banks and insurance companies that still rely on such systems which were introduced nearly 30 years ago (Bharadwaj 169, 2000). ConclusionIn the end, it can be concluded that the advancements and progresses in information technology in firms and organizations have undoubtedly brought a noticeable revolution. Information technology has led to ideas and notions that not only improve merely one organization, but also increases competition among various organizations to do something better and efficient. Every organization wants to be the best one and therefore, for that purpose it always keeps on looking for advancements and ways to employ them in order to turn itself into a superior and flourishing one. As pressure is building inside organizations and improvements are being made in technologies, all the organizations are making efforts to utilize these technologies and gain success and prosperity from them. There is no doubt that as things are becoming advanced, they are providing easier and quicker way of performing tasks while giving better results every time. Obvious improvements can be seen in all areas of businesses due to the magic spread by the information technology. New approaches and techniques are followed and implemented by all business organizations and training is being given to people of different firms for the sake of making them experts. The story does not end here, there are yet more advancement expected in information technology and as more tools and technologies will be developed, people will be able to succeed more and the competition will increase. Information  technology is a good base for those interested in computers to have their career in this field, as this field will not only give a start to their careers but it also promises success and progresses in the upcoming years. Educational institutes teach information technology as a separate subject in schools, which shows the importance of this technology and the role it plays in everyday life. It can be deduced that information technology is a necessity of daily life and is a food for prosperity. References: 1-Jidaw Systems Limited, 2008, What is Information Technology?, http://www.jidaw.com/itsolutions/whatisit.html2-Laura Schneider, 2008, Information Technology Definition and History, Tech Careers Guide, 3-Alexandrou, M. (n.d.), Definition of information technology, 4-Goel (Ritendra), 2005, Fundamentals of information technology, Lucknow: Paragon. 5-Kawatra, P. S., (2000), Textbook of information sciences, New Delhi: A.P.H. Pub. 6-Abdul Kalam, A. P. J,2001, February 3-9, Knowledge society, Employment News7-Meadowcroft, B, 2001, The impact of information technology on work and society, from 8-Kumar, K., Singh, S. P, 2000, From information society to knowledge society, Journal of Library and Information Science, 25(2), 104-111. 9-Luther S. Williams, 1996, Information Technology: Its Impact on Undergraduate Education in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology, Report on an NSF Workshop, National Science Foundation. 10-A. Bharadwaj, A resource-based perspective on information technology and firm performance: An empirical investigation, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 1, 2000, 169-196.

Joan Eardley - Social Realist, Neo-Romantic or Abstract Expressionist? :: Visual Arts Paintings Art

Joan Eardley - Social Realist, Neo-Romantic or Abstract Expressionist? In asking others[1] on their opinions of Joan Eardley the initial answer was usually the same; that generally Joan Eardley’s works are concocted in a realist style. Though, each of my sources, after some thought and discussion, changed their minds during the course of the debate. However, I will attempt to define Eardley’s work through personal opinion and analysis in the following essay and will hopefully finish with a fuller understanding and a more sound opinion of her work. There are very few published works on Eardley and therefore, limited ideas in print. This has proved a great advantage in the answering of this question since my primary inspiration (evidently this should always be the case) has been solely the works themselves. In addressing the definitions of the terms in question, I came to the conclusion that Eardley did in fact employ a little of each genre in her paintings. Social Realism aims for the, â€Å"...truthful, historically concrete portrayal of reality in its revolutionary development...† It also shows â€Å"idealised representations of heroic workers and soldiers, in a naturalistic style.†[2] In considering the latter part of this definition, it seems fitting to refer to Eardley’s ‘The Mixer Men’ of 1944 [Plate 1]. This painting was inspired as a result of her job as a carpenter’s assistant. The piece is full of gritty realism and is truthful in the sense that Eardley painted them through direct human contact. She slaps on the canvas a vision of how she sees these men which is in this case from behind the predominant figure. This viewpoint in reminiscent of Degas’ ‘keyhole’ effect and possibly reflects her interest in the style and composition of this impressionistic artist. This notion of personal and human contact was very important for Eardley throughout her career. She made clear that she thought the story behind her sitter was just as important as the final outcome. The fact that she was painting real pictures of real people is a key factor when looking at her paintings. She did not abide by what was thought to be socially acceptable at the time. A prime example of this was her painting of friend, Angus Neil, entitled, ‘Sleeping Nude’ of 1954-5. [Plate 2] This piece was shown at the annual exhibition of the Glasgow institute in 1955 and caused huge uproar. The very idea of a woman painting a male nude, and depicting him so blatantly and gaunt, was deemed unacceptable. The painting itself tells no lies and reflects no flattery on the sitter. The brushstrokes are reminiscent of Van Gogh and in the same way, express Eardley’s mentality at the

A look into history Essay

What would constitute a period in history called a â€Å"Golden Age†? Would the prosperity seen and felt by people make the description adequate? Would a greater sense of freedom in the regions of the world fit the description? How can we describe a â€Å"Golden Age†? In the years of the so-called â€Å"Golden Era†, from 1950-1973, the world saw an unprecedented rise in term of growth, with global averages reaching 4. 9 percent in the period of national Keynesianism (Monthly Review). This period, however, was not an isolated one (Institute of Industrial Relations). The period with the highest national growth rate, from 1935-1950, after an expansion in the previous economic period, 1918-1935, the distance between the two ends of the income distribution became smaller (IRI). Families of workers tried to adjust the loss of distance from the black community by downsizing in terms of number of additions to the family and the use of utilities (IRI). But in order for us to fully grasp the meaning why this period in time is called the Golden Age, we have to frame it beside two other growth periods, one before the age and the one just after it. It must be also noted if there were changes in the period that contributed to the growth of the succeeding growth periods. Before the Golden Age Families in the United States used to see how they have progressed through the years by taking a peek at their family albums, remembering the early years of their parents’ hard life (Bob Davis & David Wessel). During the years of the Age, almost every tier of American life had been extended the benefit of a upbeat and climbing standard of living (Davis & Wessel). But again, we must peek farther than the time before this period of unprecedented growth. In the past two centuries the world has seen an era of unhampered growth (Bart van Ark). In the years between 1820 and 1997, the gross domestic product around the world rose at around 2. 2 percent on the average (van Ark). This growth rate was around seven times the growth the world experienced from the preceding period, from 1500to 1820 (van Ark). But as time wore on, the disparity between the recipients of that high growth rate become more and more separated (van Ark). The world’s growth rate accelerated in 1870, and again at the beginning of the Golden Age, in 1950 (van Ark). Since the growth of the world’s economy grew in that time frame, it is not ti be understood that everyone benefited from that growth in equal shares (van Ark). Great Britain, one of the leading powers during the era, learned very well from the lessons of the founder of the capitalist system, Adam Smith (Robert L. Bartley). Smith blieved that raising the economic bar could only be done by practising free and open market principles, that traders and merchants interacting with the consumers will lead to a better share of the economic benefits (Bartley). Agnus Maddison, widely regarded as one of the premier authorities on long-term growth, gives us some insights into the growth engines at the time (Daniel Ben-Ami). In his studies, Maddison points to the year 1820 as one the more impotant inflection periods in the study of the world’s growth (Bartley). Global GDP per capita hadd increased from $420 dollars (1990 value) to about $545 by about the year 1820 (Bartley). The period of 1913-1950 would probably be the most interesting sections of the years before the Golden Age. This period embraces the events of two world wars, the Great Depression, the economic upswing in the 1920’s (Bhanoji Rao), and one of the greatest political and bloody historical events in the modern era, the Bolshevik Revolution (Irma Adelman). Both World War one and two reversed the trends for the unrestrained movement of goods, money and migration of people (Rao). But in developing nations, the effects of these events were not felt as much, thus mirroring the differing aspects of the Wars and the Depression (Rao). In the aftermath of the war, large influential movements had espoused the needs for reform, and the captains in the capitalist end of the world were afraid of a return to the time of the Depression (Crotty). What should be seen however in this time before and after the Industrial Revolution was not the disparity in growth rates (Adelman). What was evident during this time was the degree that events bought leading to worldwide economic insecurity and to the global economic framework as a a whole (Adelman). The initiatives aimed at halting the transfer of the economic downturn led to the adoption of very strict global trading and payment methods (Adelman). As the initiatives took hold, tariffs and other quantity restrictions were soon implemented (Adelman). Tight constraints were implemented for the regulation on the movement of workers and capital (Adelman). The value of many currencies tended to be overvalued (Adelman). Rampant and widespread inflation led to the collapse of international payments (Adelman). This development led to the adoption of extreme government concern as to the stability of prices and foreign exchange as it relates to the level of unemployment (Adelman). Shifting to the Golden Era The march toward the golden age of the world’s growth had been marked by a shift from a market-driven and guided economy to one that was basically a government managed type (James Crotty). The era of the Golden age can be characterized by one of swift and widely distributed growth, having for its foundations an increase of control over quality of the markets dictated by the market and vented through the state (Crotty). Rather than a time of markets being centralized, it was a time rather of the markets being embedded in the society, the state rather than an enforcer taking on the role of a guide (Crotty). Agnus Maddison calculated that the world’s GDP rose to an average of 2. 9 percent, hitting 3. 9 percent in Europe and about 8 percent in the European continent (Bartley). The Second World War had spawned a time of demand that was pent -up during the time of the war, as capital and infrastructure was totally wiped out in Japan and on the Continent (Adelman). The command type of economy that was installed during the war, quickly gave way to the reinstitution of the usual framework of capitalism (Adelman). A great aid in the redevelopment of devastated Europe to get the continent up on its feet was the Marshall Plan (Adelman). With this Plan in place, the capital needs and infrastructure needed to jumpstart the economies of Europe were set in motion (Adelman). It was during this time, as stated earlier, that the world was experiencing a high degree of growth (Ben-Ami). In Japan, the Golden Age and the following decades after, the land of the rising sun was identified with the traits of efficiency and the highest levels of manufacturing standards (Terutomo Ozawa). This was exemplified by the low cost in the production of their automobiles nd electronic products (Ozawa). In Europe, the road to recovery was much simpler (Barry Eichengreen). Europe at the time underwent an almost complete transformation in the way they conducted their lives. In the middle of the century, Europe’s households had heat from burning coal, kept their food fresh with ice, and had no semblance even of basic plumbing. At present, they have gas-fired furnaces for heating, refrigerators to keep their food stuffs, and an endless number of electronic items that will make one dizzy. Incomes of an average European nearly went to three times their value by the turn of the century (Eichengreen). Also, working conditions and hours steadily improved, as time at work was reduced by at least a third, giving a boost to the leisure time of Europeans (Eichengreen). An upswing in the rates of the life expectancy in Europe’s residents was enhanced by new technological discoveries in health accompanied by a parallel advances in nutrition (Eichengreen). But all was not a pretty picture, as one would think. Levels of the ranks of the unemployed rose. Taxes levied on the people increased. The effects of the destruction of the environment, state repression and consumer spending limits were the order of the day under Eastern Europeans’ repressive regimes dominated that part of Europe for the next for decades following World War 2 (Eichengreen). But what made the road to recovery relatively easy for Europe? Europe, for its part, didn’t have to plan anything new for its rebuilding; it just simply rebuilt. Europe just had to rebuild the damaged or destroyed infrastructure, reinvesting in its capital stock, and redeploying the men that were in the war effort to jobs in peacetime efforts (Eichengreen). This â€Å"catch-up† mentality had demonstrated itself in the utilization of technologies that were not yet in the pipeline, so to speak (Eichengreen). These were the technologies that were developed in the period between the wars, and were used by Europe to sustain its economic juggernaut (Eichengreen). But in the 1930’s and 40’s, Europe was thrown into an atmosphere of a depressed investment environment (Eichengreen). It was in this period that the United States gained a bit of a headway against their European counterparts. The Americans had outpaced Europe in terms of overall production and levels of productivity. By using the Americans’ technology, under license, adopting their business philosophies of American mass-production and personnel management, Europe could close the gap on the Americans. Hence was born the concept of â€Å"convergence†, fusing the levels of per capita income and levels of productivity to that of the United States (Eichengreen). But in the generation of wealth, particularly in the aspect of its distribution, not all of Europe could say that they were given an equal share of the pie, so to speak. For example, the northern parts of Europe were gaining faster than their southern counterparts. The same trend went for Western Europe, outpacing Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe’s woes came a failure of the central planning strategy that was common in the authoritarian governments that dominated that part of the continent. Though these are also important features of the Golden Age in Europe, nevertheless the period marked an era of expanded growth and change on the continent (Eichengreen). The economic machine of the Japanese economy, after the brilliant star of its economic achievements faded, had gone from one that was admired to one that was dealt with indifference, even one thrown pity (Ozawa). This was bought about by the virtues of the Japanese to put into secure positions some of the political interests rather than focusing on the real problems that had dogged the nation’s economy (Ozawa). In its early steps to climb out of the destruction wrought upon it in the 2nd World War, Japan had adopted its industry to a road of industrial improvement, moving from low value industrial output, gradually moving up to higher levels of value-added goods (Ozawa). But as the years passed, Japan began to remove the protection it afforded to its industries, essentially preparing them for competition (Ozawa). These industries that were left unsheltered were the ones that are the reason for the current state of the Japanese economy’s morass (Ozawa). Most of the world had been under the Bretton Woods Agreement (Adelman). This agreement was instrumental to the reintroduction to the regime of fixed rate payments, all payments to be based on the value of the dollar (Adelman). This regime was supported by a number of international organizations with the goal of giving some form of flexibility and in the management of foreign exchange inconsistencies (Adelman). After the Golden Era, the period of another growth slowdown was about to rear its head. After the Bubble burst After the Bretton Woods agreement had collapsed and countries and adopted more flexible foreign exchange rates, coupled with the skyrocketing of the price of oil, all these led to the indication that the Golden era was officially over (Rao). This was the era of the â€Å"stagflation† that hit the world in the mid-1970’s (Ben-Ami). The Bretton agreement had become quite inadequate in meeting the liquidity requirements of most nations (Adelman). When the agreement eventually broke down, the system was replaced by a unstable, fluctuating means of foreign exchange (Adelman). The currencies of many countries went through a period of devaluation against the American currency (Adelman). But this was only the precursor of the coming storm. Oil prices had tripled their price in 1974, cereals doubled their prices by 1973, and gold prices doubled in the years of 1971-1973 (Adelman). Other problems were beginning to crop up for the world as the age ended. According to the International Labor Organization in its 1995 report on world unemployment, does not dispute the fact the upswing in the world’s economic standing, but it also emphasizes that the world, after the Golden Era, witnessed its GDP cut in half, and the levels of unemployment had reached levels never before seen or to be even though of during the era (Canadian Auto Workers Union). For this reason, economists divide the era into two parts (CAW). The first 25 years at the turn of the century has been called the â€Å"Golden Era†, the second part is called â€Å"The Age of Permanent Insecurity† (CAW). The effects of the downturn were quite visible. Growth rates had been sliced in half, good jobs were the exception rather than the norm, wages did not go up, surpluses were wiped out and social programs introduced at the end of the golden age, were dismantled at a slow but steady pace (CAW). Within a generation, the rate of growth fell to half its previous level, unemployment rates doubled, and decent jobs became the exception. Real wages stopped growing, budget surpluses turned into chronic deficits, and social programs which were proudly introduced near the end of the first period were dismantled in the second – slowly at first, but then at an accelerating pace (CAW). The labor market in Canada and other industrialized nations also took a hit, as the unemployment rates hit 9 percent in the latter part of the turn of the century, as compared to the 4. 5 percent average registered in the first half (CAW). In the United States, the Federal budget registered a budget surplus from 1946 to 1970 (CAW). In the years following the Golden Era, the Federal government has never once posted a budget surplus (CAW). The Federal government, for every dollar that it allots for programs, it pays about 63 cents of its earnings to pay for the interest of its debt (CAW). The period after the War was one of significant unheralded growth, born out of the combination of several factors (CAW). Among them was the combination of the development of emerging technologies tapped during the War, the retooling of the war time workplace to be reused for peacetime work, reconstruction of the war torn areas of Europe and in Japan, the demand held in check for so long after the Great Depression and the restraints bought on by the war, and the new found competitive situation that it has found with Communist states (CAW). The War had asked from the citizens a great amount of sacrifice, these sacrifices led to the demand for the upgrading for the people’s living conditions, equity and concerns for their security concerns (CAW). These concessions were won over by the labor movement from very jittery corporations (CAW). But how does this relate to the downturn of the Golden Era? After The Golden Era, what happened? The concessions that the workers had gained from the corporations had produced a contradiction for them (CAW). In the case of Japan and Europe, after they had reconstructed from the destruction of the war and had strengthened their economies, was building a contradictory effect for the corporations (CAW). Once the economies were put back on line, the competition of the industrialized countries again began once again on the uptake (CAW). This upswing of the economies of capitalist industries put some amount of pressure on the companies’ profits (CAW). The companies in turn tried all efforts to put up a hedge around their profits (CAW), which companies then transferred these pressures from competition on the workers themselves (CAW). Since the workers felt secure and bold enough to challenge any initiative to be pressured in the workplace, the companies transformed these workers from mainly being employees to consumers, increasing their prices to keep their profit margins (CAW). The workers, feeling the pinch of the higher prices, asked the companies for the increases in their wages to match the increases that the companies imposed (CAW). This initiated the cycle of price escalation (CAW). The price increases had a negative impact on the global competitiveness of the corporations (CAW). As a result of such developments, inflationary pressures set in (CAW). The companies had to find ways to stay viable while contending with the workers, who were becoming hindrances to the company in terms of supervision over the workplace. As such, the companies had to choose, between the companies’ insatiable drive for profit and the needs of the society and the workers, the workers and society lost (CAW). Here is the start of the end of the Golden Era, where the share of the wealth began to be hoarded, rather than shared. Works Cited Adelamn, Irma. â€Å"The genesis of the current global system†. van Ark, Bart. â€Å"Accumulation, productivity and technology: measurement and analysis of long term economic growth†. Bartley, Robert L. † The future of economic freedom†. 2000 October 16. Ben-Ami, Daniel. â€Å"Ferraris for all†. 2007 January 27. Canadian Auto Workers. â€Å"From False solutions to growing protest: recapturing the agenda†. Crotty, James. â€Å"Trading state-led for market led stagnation: from the golden age to global neoliberalism†. Davis, Bob & Wessel, David. â€Å"The Golden Age: the rise of the American middle class†. Eichengreen, Barry. â€Å"The European Economy since 1945†. The New York Times 2007 March 25. Monthly Review. â€Å"Notes from the Editors†. Monthly Review 2007 Septem

Informatics In The Medical Industry Health And Social Care Essay

The chief subject of this assignment is ICD, one of the nomenclatures which influence the cryptography and categorization methods. The execution of coding and categorization is based on the Electronic Health Records ( EHR ) of the inbound and outbound patients. Before traveling straight into chief subject, I need to discourse what is EHR? What are the benefits and disadvantages of EHR? Why controlled Terminology is required for an EHR? What are the different cryptography and categorization systems? What can I anticipate in ICD-11? â€Å"Electronic Health Records:Electronic Health Records comes from the epoch of patient records where the chief subject of patient records are to derive medical cognition, for clinical research intents, for farther usage of informations and can easy be a opportunity of doing determination by analyzing the record in an unambiguous mode. Patient Records are many types and they are developed harmonizing to the usage in demand of today ‘s life [ 2 ] . Even though the chief intent of all types of medical records are same, like to educate clinicians, support for charge intents, support for clinical research and for epidemiological surveies, It besides has disadvantages depending upon the type of medical record and maintaining mind these disadvantages many new sorts of patient records have now come across [ 3 ] . In Paper-based medical record, the accessing of patient informations is made easy, but it has some restrictions like, no such patient has merely one wellness attention forces and no wellness attention force has merely one patient because one patient can hold may be more than one doctor and every doctor needs to look into old records like what prescription has been given and what should be the following process to follow, and those records can non be accessed immediately because paper based can remain merely at one topographic point, some may be losing, some can non be understood by other doctors due to their hapless hand-writing. These restrictions are non really utile in order to do a proper determination [ 3 ] . It besides has some advantages like paper based systems are less expensive and recording of informations is non really complex [ 2 ] . This can be overcome by presenting Computer-Based Patient Records or Electronic Medical Records, where wellness attention suppliers can easy entree patient ‘s whole wellness certification under individual wellness organisation and most of import is this information can accessed by merely licensed clinicians which can avoid security issues to maintain privateness of patient informations. When compared to informations storage it has disadvantages like, it requires more infinite to enter a patient information in a digital format than Paper based patient record, and besides considered to be more expensive due to the investings in hardware, package and besides the information saved will be lost if whole computing machine system clangs or fails to work [ 2 ] . Electronic Health Records ( EHR ) which has the capableness to entree patient ‘s wellness certification under several wellness organisations which is permitted to entree by merely accredited clinicians. The benefits by the EHR to the wellness attention professionals are as follows: Easy Access to Patient Data: Easy entree to all integrated patient informations taking from simple sort of informations. The doctors can do an effectual Clinical Decision Support. Portability: The doctors can entree patient informations anyplace even in ambulatory conditions besides and besides through portable devices. Clinical Order Entry: EHR can supply new clinical qui vives depending on the informations entered in electronic patient record. It besides has the capableness to demo some literature based on your entry, most of import is qui vives can warn clinicians about the dose of drugs and besides some allergic reactions. Quick Transfer of Information is possible through several wellness organisations through EHR can be possible [ 2 ] .EHR besides has some disadvantages:Understanding of patient informations without proper nomenclature is non possible for EHR. Collection of Data is impossible in EHR without controlled nomenclature. So, that is ground why medical controlled nomenclature is really of import for the EHR which is discussed in item in the undermentioned process [ 2 ] .Why do we necessitate Medical Terminology?Terminology is defined as a standard set of footings to denote a set of constructs [ 4 ] and Clinical Terminology trades about the constructs used in footings of statements in a medical record i.e. significance should be same if we use different constructs to do statements. For Example, This patient has an Endocrine disease and This patient has an Diabetes are said to considered as Terminological because constructs used to do statements denotes same intending [ 5 ] . Medical Terminology has some standard words or phrases to stand for what has happened to the patient, it does non let doctors to compose something in their ain words. So by stand foring harmonizing to criterions, every doctor whether he belongs to same wellness organisation or different wellness organisation can be able to cognize what had happened to the patient [ 6 ] . The chief end of Medical Terminology can be enhanced if all the patient has electronic patient records and patient centered information should be entered into the electronic based patient records so that it can be like Re-use of information for clinical and secondary intents and can be shared across different organisations, establishments [ 5 ] .Positions on Medical Terminology:Data Abstraction- procedure of abstracting the recorded informations and so delegate a label to the abstracted information ( delegating some specific term which can state whole significance ) from the nomenclature itself [ 7 ] . Data Representation is delegating codifications to each of the findings done to the patient like research lab findings, physical findings, type of drug administered [ 7 ] . Encoding of medical cognition is besides of import to portion the cognition or direct the informations to other clinical systems. This encryption is done in such a manner that computing machines can utilize it [ 7 ] . Benefits of encoding medical cognition: It allows for Alerts in footings of medical specialty prescriptions so that doctor can be cognizant of this state of affairs before he can turn to to the patient [ 10 ] . It can salvage a batch of clip for the doctors or admittance sections without rhenium come ining the patient record after analyzing the patient for multiple times [ 7 ] .Why Controlled Vocabulary and Coding systems for Terminology are of import?In past old ages, Imprecision and deficiency of Standardized Controlled Vocabulary has been a major assert for the wellness attention sphere. This is due to the complication between standardisation of medical cognition and nomenclature ( set of constructs ) . The structuring of medical informations in footings of acquisition, entering and storage is of import because it raises the confusion between the nomenclature and significances of the informations. For illustration, one doctor wants to seek for a word ‘Diabetes ‘ , whic h in fact merely detects patients who are recorded as precisely with ‘Diabetes ‘ as diagnosing but non with patients who are recorded as ‘Diabetic ‘ [ 9 ] and sing another illustration, one doctor declares and records informations as patient has ‘shortness of breath ‘ and another doctor records as ‘dyspnea ‘ , though the patient has same sort of disease but while recovering the patient informations can be displayed as patient with shortness of breath or dyspnoea depending upon the preciseness of the word entered at the retrieval country [ 8 ] . This is the chief job originating in footings of controlled vocabularies. This job can be solved by the Controlled Terminologies or Clinical cryptography systems which contain the list of standard set of footings which can expose the words denoted under the same set of criterions. For illustration, it can recover all the information of patients enduring from ‘Diabetes ‘ or organize ‘Dyspnea ‘ because these footings are registered under a same set of significances and besides physician can come in or enter the patient informations in different types of degrees. This is the chief advantages of controlled clinical nomenclatures or coding systems [ 7 ] .Clinical Coding and Classification Systems:International Classification of Diseases ( ICD ) developed by WHO is the categorization of diseases and other wellness jobs by analyzing the wellness job records and critical records. It has the capableness to sort the diseases in a hierarchical manner so that wellness attention forces can easy recover and place the utile information. It is non merely used for retrieval intent but besides to roll up the population, morbidity and mortality statistics [ 11 ] .Purpose of ICD:The chief intent of ICD is the systematic agreement and in a structuring format by comparing and analyzing the causes of mortality and morbidity informations collected from different states. The recording of the information is automatically converted from words to alphanumeric codifications which enable easy storage and retrieval of informations [ 11 ] . The chief primary purpose to develop ICD to come in mortality statistics based on the decease certifications and subsequently depending on the alterations of different ICD ‘s taking ICD-1 to now utilizing ICD-10, the group decided to besides include morbidity statistics for diagnostic intents. It besides has the capableness to sort diseases based on the marks, symptoms and unnatural findings where any wellness attention forces can easy derive cognition in an unambiguous mode. It is besides used for charge intents [ 9 ] .Structure of ICD-10:Taking from old versions of ICD to late developed version of ICD-10, the construction of ICD follows same construction which was antecedently proposed by William Farr. The construction of ICD-10 is based on Epidemic diseases, general diseases, local diseases, developmental diseases, hurts [ 9 ] . The construction of the list of categorization of diseases can be shown in the below tabular array [ 9 ] , which is divided into separate columns each column has Chapters, Codes and Description of that diseases [ 9 ] . It has list of 21 chapters and a set of codifications are assigned to each chapter. Each codification has foremost missive as an Alphabet and each Alphabet is assigned to each chapter but in chapter 2 Neoplasms has D alphabet and besides D alphabet in Diseases of blood. In general, codifications are assigned as three character codifications which is said to be chief or core categorization of a disease and sub classs of that disease can be denoted as four character classs. To be explain more in item, sing one sort of disease from the tabular array, say Chapter 2 Neoplasm which has codifications from C00-D48 and subcategories which are malignant tumor of Neoplasm are assigned as codifications C00.0-D48.9 three characters followed by an extension with a point. The ICD-10 codifications are denoted in alphameric codifications whereas ICD-9 is denoted merely in numeral codifications merely. There are fresh U codifications in ICD-10 [ 9 ] . Table: Division of ICD codifications into Chapters [ 9 ] .Troubles in ICD-10:There is no possibility of naming the constructs once more under anatomical parts for the constructs which are one time represented in a individual hierarchy. For illustration, if some disease caused by chest malignant neoplastic disease is mentioned in Chapter 2, it can non be mentioned once more in the anatomical parts of diseases covering chapter 6- chapter 16. Even though chest malignant neoplastic disease is related to anatomical part chest, it can non be covered in chapters of anatomical parts. This is the chief drawback of ICD-10 [ 9 ] . If we want to update a new codification which surely fits under some chief codification for illustration, see chief codification C00 for some disease and we want to update some disease which absolutely suits under chief codification as a sub class codification, it is non at all possible by ICD-10, because updating requires an empty infinite to make full which says that it is non possible to update on behalf of already used codifications [ 9 ] .Revisions:The purpose of alterations is to non alter the full construction of the old versions, have to see how to develop an easy manner of accessing medical cognition is possible without any complications, confusions, struggles. The freshly developed versions includes most ( major nucleus ) of the content, construction every bit same as old versions, merely minor alteration and based on that merely minor alterations can be possible depending on the troubles raised by utilizing the present versions and those troubles are avoided and expected non to see in the hereafter development of versions. When compared with alterations based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 alterations made are: Expanded from a individual 3-digit ICD-9 class ( 001 ) to a 3 digit ICD-10 five classs ( A00-A005 ) . ICD-9 numeral codifications to ICD-10 alpha numeral codifications. Transfering from one codification to other codification in the categorizations [ 11 ] .Future Version of ICD ( ICD-11 ) :What I expect to be changed from ICD-10 to ICD-11: â€Å" Depending upon the troubles raised in ICD-10, the constructs based on diseases of anatomical parts should be included in anatomical parts constructs because even if person who are non so familiar with some hard footings which denotes the disease can easy be happen the information in anatomical parts and everyone knows the anatomical parts where disease is really in the patient organic structure. So, disease under anatomical parts is of import † . â€Å" Categorization of diseases, mortality and morbidity statistics can be done individually under separate chapters for Adults, Neonatal attention, Small kids, Old people so that they can easy distinguish for determination support. This will be a job in footings of dose of drugs and thereby allergic reactions caused by them because dose factor is really less for grownups when compared to little kids † . â€Å" Particular sort of categorization can be best thoughts when Neonatal attention is taken into consideration due to most of them are affected by bosom diseases or tumor at a really early age † .Decision:â€Å" As far EHR is concerned, it is really of import in every wellness organisations so that information can be readily available for the doctors where they can treat in an efficient mode. EHR with Controlled Terminologies and Clinical Coding Classification Systems are besides of import for an easy entree to the medical cognition. More figure of nomenclatures are being developed by recognized organisations like WHO, National Centre for Health Statistics ( NCHS ) where doctors can anticipate an easy manner of accessing medical cognition For Example, function ( associating ) of nomenclature with ICD like SNOMED CT which one of the controlled clinical nomenclature † .

Michigan DOMA Social Security Benefits for the Disabled

Michigan DOMA Social Security Benefits for the Disabled DOMA and Social Security Benefits for the Disabled On June 26, 2013, the Supreme Court issued its controversial decision in United States v. Windsor, invalidating the definition of marriage formerly established by the DOMA laws.Consequently, the Social Security Administration (SSA) is no longer prohibited from recognizing same-sex marriage for determining benefits.  The Acting Commissioner of Social Security, Carolyn W. Colvin, issued a statement on payments to same-sex couples on August 9, 2013, stating â€Å"I am pleased to announce that Social Security is now processing some retirement spouse claims for same-sex couples and paying benefits where they are due. The recent Supreme Court decision . . . helps to ensure that all Americans are treated fairly and equally, with the dignity and respect they deserve.[i]The Windsor decision is monumental for those who are now entitled to benefits that they were not eligible for previously filed on or after June 26, 2013, including auxiliary and spousal benefits. However, this change also a ffects how offsets are calculated for Supplemental Security Income (‘SSI’) payments. As a result of the Windsor decision, SSA is now able to approve some husband’s and wife’s claims in same-sex marriages.[ii] In order to be eligible, applicants must meet all factors of entitlement, and must have been married in a state that permits same-sex marriage as well as domiciled in a state that recognizes same-sex marriage, either at the time of application or while the claim is pending a final decision. The following chart outlines the states that recognize same-sex marriage from any other states and permitted in that state:[iii]StateDate Same-Sex Marriages from Any Other State Was RecognizedDate Same-Sex Marriages Were Permitted in the StateCaliforniaJune 17, 2008 – November 4, 2008June 26, 2013 – presentJune 17, 2008 – November 4, 2008June 26, 2013 – presentConnecticutNovember 12, 2008November 12, 2008DelawareJuly 1, 2013July 1, 2013I owaApril 30, 2009April 20, 2009MaineDecember 29, 2012December 29, 2012MarylandFebruary 23, 2010January 1, 2013MassachusettsMay 17, 2004May 17, 2004MinnesotaAugust 1, 2013August 1, 2013New HampshireJanuary 1, 2010January 1, 2010New YorkFebruary 1, 2008July 24, 2011Rhode IslandMay 14, 2012August 1, 2013VermontSeptember 1, 2009September 1, 2009WashingtonDecember 6, 2012December 6, 2012Washington, DCJuly 7, 2009March 9, 2010[i] Ms. Colvin further highlights â€Å"[w]e continue to work closely with the Department of Justice. In the coming weeks and months, we will develop and implement additional policy and processing instructions. We appreciate the public’s patience as we work through the legal issues to ensure that our policy is legally sound and clear. I encourage individuals who believe they may be eligible for  Social Security benefits  to apply now, to protect against the loss of any potential benefits. We will process claims as soon as additional instructions become fi nalized.†[ii] Active and retired governmental employees in same-sex marriages are now able to extend automatic coverage for health insurance and other benefit programs to their spouses and children Note that the Federal Employees Retirement system incorporates Social Security benefits, which encompasses nearly nine-tenths of federal employees, while the Civil Service Retirement System does not include Social Security, covering about four-fifths of the current retired population. Employees were given until August 26, 2013 to make specific changes, including from individual to family, to enrollment or they must wait until November when the annual benefits open enrollment begins.[iii]  See  POMS GN 00210 BASIC, https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/public/reference.nsf/links/08092013111040AM. Further, once the above criteria are satisfied, a claimant for spousal benefits must also meet the one-year duration of marriage requirement prior to the adjudication of the claim. The one-year duration of marriage requirement begins on the date the couple was married and the date of filing an application. Do not consider the date of the Windsor decision for purposes of determining entitlement.Blog Post Provided By:Disability Attorneys of Michigan 30500 Van Dyke Ave, Ste. 400 Warren, Michigan 48093